Prostate Cancer
Author - Larry A. Law
Prostate Cancer
The prostate is a walnut-sized gland deep within the pelvis of men and produces semen. Semen is a white, milky fluid which serves to nourish and facilitate the transport of sperm to their ultimate destination in fertilizing a female ovum. Prostate cancer is the second highest cause of cancer death among men in the US. Around 1 in 8 men develop prostate cancer in their lifetime. The number of new prostate cancer cases estimated for 2024 is 300,000. This cancer accounted for 15% of all new cancer cases in 2023. About 34,700 men died from prostate cancer in 2023 representing nearly 6% of all cancer-related deaths. Fortunately, the five-year survival rate from 2013 to 2019 was 97%.
Signs and Symptoms
During its initial phases, prostate cancer normally has no apparent symptoms. While urinary and sexual problems can indicate prostate cancer, more often than not, these symptoms are related to an enlarged prostate (not cancer). Benign prostate enlargement causes many of the same symptoms like:
Frequent urination, especially during the night
Difficulty initiating or stopping urine
Inability to urinate
A weakened or interrupted urine flow
A feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder
Terminal dribbling of the urine flow
Difficulty achieving or sustaing an erection
Painful ejaculation
Pain in the testicles
Causes
Science has been unable to find any clear association between preventable causes and prostate cancer. Age is a factor. Prostate cancer is rare for men under 45 years of age (0.5%). The risk increases with age, but the aggessiveness of the cancer decreases with advancing age. Black men have a 1.6 times higher risk. Men living in developed countries have a more prevalent risk. However, studies demonstrate that when Asian men relocate to the US, their prostate cancer risk rises suggesting epigentic effects related to food or living circumstances is an active contributor to the disease. Taller adult height is also associated with increased risk. Multiple sex partners especially early on raises the risk of prostate cancer. In addition, aspects of our modern western diet definitely contribute to an increased risk, but specifics have not been noted (except high calcium consumption appears highly correlated).
Testing
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA): PSA tests are not particularly useful. There is no specific threshold that can definitively determine whether a man has prostate cancer or not. And the test yields many false-positive (78%) results by suggesting cancer when it is not present. It also yields many false-negative results indicating no cancer despite its being present. A great book on this test is The Great Prostate Hoax by Richard Ablin and Ronald Piana. Richard Ablin is a pathologist who invented the PSA test, but has become a vociferous critic of its widespread use as a diagnostic tool for prostate cancer. Ablin says that "routine PSA screening does far more harm to men than good."
Digital rectal examination (DRE): A DRE involves a doctor inserting a lubricated, gloved finger into a man's rectum to assess the prostate for abnormalities. But there is insufficient evidence regarding its benefits. The US Preventive Services Task Force does not recommend DRE as a screening test.
Since most prostate cancers tend to grow slowly and may never reach a clinically significant stage, and given the expense and notable side effects of treatment, routine prostate cancer screening is considered controversial.
Watchful waiting is the standard recommendation for older men when the likelihood of cancer impacting their natual lifespan is low.
Natural Treatments
Curcumin, quercetin, vitamin D and E, lycopene, and cruciferous vegetables (they contain glucosinolates) show documented effectiveness in fighting prostate cancer. Eating healthy, real, whole food and avoiding sexual promiscuity both lower the risk for this disease.
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